4. Describe forms of energy, including chemical, heat, light, and mechanical. Identifying types of potential and kinetic energy Examples: potential water behind a dam, battery; kinetic water moving across turbine blades Describing alternatives to the use of fossil fuels Examples: solar energy, geothermal energy, windmill, hydroelectric power, biomass Identifying the transfer of energy by conduction, convection, and radiation Examples: conduction hot plate heating a pan, convection space heater heating air, radiation sun heating Earth's surface (Grade: 5) [2005]
2. Describe factors that cause changes to Eart's surface over time. Examples: earthquakes, volcanoes, weathering, erosion, glacial erosion or scouring, deposition, water flow, tornadoes, hurricanes, farming and conservation, mining and reclamation, deforestation and reforestation, waste disposal, global climate changes, greenhouse gases Comparing constructive and destructive natural processes and their effects on land formations Examples: constructive volcanic and mountain-building processes; destructive erosion by wind, water, and ice Distinguishing rock strata by geologic composition Examples: predicting relative age of strata by fossil depth, predicting occurrence of natural events by rock composition in a particular strata (Grade: 6) [2005]
3. Describe water and carbon biogeochemical cycles and their effects on Earth. (Grade: 6) [2005]
1. Describe characteristics common to living things, including growth and development, reproduction, cellular organization, use of energy, exchange of gases, and response to the environment. Identifying homeostasis as the process by which an organism responds to its internal or external environment Predicting how an organism's behavior impacts the environment Identifying unicellular organisms, including bacteria and protists, by their methods of locomotion, reproduction, ingestion, excretion, and effects on other organisms Identifying the structure of a virus (Grade: 7) [2005]
4. Describe organisms in the six-kingdom classification system by their characteristics. Recognizing genus and species as components of a scientific name Identifying contributions of Aristotle and Linnaeus to the early history of taxonomy (Grade: 7) [2005]
